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Bron en Referentie lijst

Hierbij de bronvermelding van diverse studies naar polsbeschermers met de nadruk op snowboard polsbeschermers. Mocht u ooit van plan zijn uw lichaam na de dood aan de wetenschap ter beschikking te stellen, weet dan dat uw armen gebruikt kunnen worden voor het testen van snowboard polsbeschermers.


Leden en contributors van het International Task Force voor snowboard Wrist Protectors:

Deze Task Force heeft tot doel wel tot een juiste standaard voor snowboard protective gear te komen, vooral wat betreft snowboard polsbeschermers.

Marc-Herve Binet, Uitvinder Flexmeter polsbeschermers, MD—Centre Medical D’Avoriaz, Avoriaz, France

Giannina Bianchi, MSc—bfu, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention, Berne, Switzerland
Othmar Brügger, MSc—bfu, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention, Berne, Switzerland
Naomi Engel, MB—ChB Emergency Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland Bruce Jahnke—K2 Sports, Seattle, USA Robert Johnson, MD—University of Vermont, Burlington, USA Uwe Kersting, PhD—Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Jean-Dominique Laporte, MD—Medecins de Montagne, Montagne, France Stefan Lehner, PhD—Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany Jean-Francois Merino—Salomon S.A.S., Annecy, France Serge Darcy — Annecy, France Nicola Petrone, PhD—University of Padova, Padova, Italy Jake Shealy, PhD—Rochester Institute of Technology and GEAR Guidance Engineering, Rochester, USA Florian Staudigl, Eng.—TÜV SÜD Munich, Munich, Germany Yukio Urabe, MD—Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Philippa Wadsworth, MB—ChB University Hospital of North Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust, Durham, UK References

Websites en informatie

Website met zeer veel informatie over ongelukken en blessures in de wintersport zo ook hoe deze zoveel mogelijk te voorkomen zijn, van Mike Langran werkzaam bij Aviemore Medical Practice, Aviemore, Scotland, UK . ski-injury.com

White Paper: over functionaliteit en efficiëntie van snowboard polsbeschermers om tot een internationale eenduidig erkende standaard te kunnen komen, daar de standaard voor "gewone" polsbeschermers niet voldoende is.
Door: Frank I. Michel • Kai-Uwe Schmitt • Richard M. Greenwald • Kelly Russell • Frank I. Simpson • David Schulz • Mike Langran

EU norm bladen Protectie kleding en persoonlijke bescherming "PPE"
Foto's bronnen

Foto's van en over polsbeschermers snowboarden schaatsen sporten enz. copyright Play Trend CYes shops en hun klanten, ook rgbstock.com en ski-injury.com, images BIOMEX polsbeschermers.nl in samenwerking met Level.

Ilviale en Jazza op rgbstock.com

Referenties en onderzoeken

1. ABC of Snowboarding (2012) Snowboarding injuries: wrist fractures. Internet, ABC of Snowboarding, 22 Jun 2012
2. Van Tilburg C (2000) In-area and backcountry snowboarding: medical and safety aspects. Wilderness Environ Med 11:102– 108
3. Dann K, Kristen KH, Knoeringer M, Boldrino C, Nehrer S (2005) Snowboarden: Geschichte - Verletzungen - Risiken - Materialneuigkeiten - Wettkampfbetreuung - Pra¨vention. Der Orthopa¨de 34:433–440
4. Snowboarding history/Origin of snowboard (2012) Internet, ABC of Snowboarding, 22 June 2012
5. Dann K, Kristen K-H, Ring G (1995) Snowboarden: Geschichte, Ausru¨stung, Verletzungen. Schulung und gutes Material beugen Verletzungen vor. TW Sport und Medizin 7:21–27
6. Dann K (2011) Snowboarding. In: Engelhardt M, Dorr A (eds) Sports orthopaedics. Elsevier, Official Manual of GOTS, pp 637–645
7. Russell K, Hagel B, Goulet C (2010) Snowboarding. In: Caine DJ, Harmer PA, Schiff MA (eds) Epidemiology of injuries in Olympic Sports. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp 447–472
8. Hasler RM, Berov S, Benneker L et al (2010) Are there risk factors for snowboard injuries? A case-control multicentre study of 559 snowboarders. Br J Sports Med 44:816–821
9. Kusche H, Gutsfeld P, Bu¨hren V (2010) Snowboarden. Sport- Orthopa¨die - Sport-Traumatologie 26:178–181
10. Canadian Ski Council (2009–2010) Canadian skier and snowboarder facts and stats, 2010. Canadian Ski Council, Collingwood 11. Snowsports Industries America—SIA research (2011) SIA snow sports market, intelligent report. 2011. Snowsports Industries America, McLean, VA, USA 12. Bianchi G, Michel FI, Bru¨gger O (2012) The use of wrist guards by snowboarders in Switzerland. J ASTM Intl 19(STP 1553): 38–53 13. Lamprecht M, Fischer A, Stamm H (2009) Sport Schweiz 2008: Das Sportverhalten der Schweizer Bevo¨lkerung. Observatorium Sport und Bewegung Schweiz, 1–43. 2008. Magglingen, Bundesamt fu¨r Sport BASPO 14. Lamprecht M, Fischer A, Stamm H (2008) Sport Schweiz 2008: Kinder- und Jugendbericht. Bundesamt fu¨r Sport BASPO, Magglingen, pp 1–55 15. Lamprecht M, Fischer A, Stamm H (2009) Sport Schweiz 2008: Factsheets Sportarten. Observatorium Sport und Bewegung Schweiz, pp 1–51. Magglingen, Bundesamt fu¨r Sport BASPO 16. Ladner B (2012) Stabilita¨t pra¨gt die Sportlandschaft. Schweizer Sport & Mode 3 17. Boldrino C (1998) Snowboardunfa¨lle in O¨ sterreich: eine empirische Studie zur Analyse von Risikofaktoren beim Snowboarden. PhD Thesis. Wien, Universita¨t Wien 18. Hagel BE, Goulet C, Platt RW, Pless IB (2004) Injuries among skiers and snowboarders in Quebec. Epidemiology 15:279–286 19. Russell K, Hagel B, Francescutti LH (2007) The effect of wrist guards on wrist and arm injuries among snowboarders: a systematic review. Clin J Sport Med 17:145–150 20. Sasaki K, Takagi M, Ida H, Yamakawa M, Ogino T (1999) Severity of upper limb injuries in snowboarding. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 119:292–295 21. Kim S, Lee SK (2011) Snowboard wrist guards-use, efficacy, and design: a systematic review. Bull NYU Hospital Joint Dis 69:149–157 22. Abu-Laban RB (1991) Snowboarding injuries: an analysis and comparison with alpine skiing injuries. Can Med Assoc J 145:1097–1103 23. Bladin C, McCrory P (1995) Snowboarding injuries: an overview. Sports Med 19:358–364 24. Ganong RB, Heneveld EH, Beranek SR, Fry P (1992) Snowboarding injuries: a report on 415 patients. Phys Sportsmed 20:114–122 25. Hagel BE, Pless IB, Goulet C (2005) The effect of wrist guard use on upper-extremity injuries in snowboarders. Am J Epidemiol 162:149–156 26. Idzikowski JR, Janes PC, Abbott PJ (2000) Upper extremity snowboarding injuries: ten-year results from the Colorado snowboard injury survey. Am J Sports Med 28:825–832 27. Machold W, Kwasny O, Eisenhardt P et al (2002) Reduction of severe wrist injuries in snowboarding by an optimized wrist protection device: a prospective randomized trial. J Trauma 52:517–520 28. Pigozzi F, Santori N, Di Salvo V, Parisi A, Di Luigi L (1997) Snowboard traumatology an epidemiological study. Orthopedics 20:505–509 29. MacDermid JC (2008) Do wrist guards decrease injuries among snowboarders? Clin J Sport Med 18:178–179 30. Schmitt K-U, Staudigl F, Michel FI (2011) Characterizing the performance of snowboard wrist protectors. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (ed) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts. 1 May 2011 31. O’Neill DF (2003) Wrist injuries in guarded versus unguarded first time snowboarders. Clin Orthop Relat Res 409:91–95 32. Ronning R, Ronning I, Gerner T, Engebretsen L (2001) The efficacy of wrist protectors in preventing snowboarding injuries. Am J Sports Med 29:581–585 33. Schmitt K-U, Michel FI, Staudigl F (2011) Analysing the impact behaviour of recent snowboarding wrist protectors. IRCOBI Conference 2011, pp 51–61, Krakow 34. Staudigl F, Michel FI, Schmitt K-U (2011) Strategic considerations towards a standard for snowboard wrist protectors. In: Scher I, Greenwald, R (eds) 19th International Congress on Ski Trauma and Skiing Safety. Book of Abstracts. 2011. 1 May 2011 35. Bianchi G, Michel FI, Bru¨gger O (2011) The use of wrist protection amongst snowboarders. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) Book of abstracts of the 19th international congress on ski trauma and skiing safety. International Society for Skiing Safety, Keystone 36. Binet MH (2008) Snowboards, wristguards, terrain parks and avoiding injury. British Association of Sport and Excercise Medicine BASEM Spring Meeting, 6 April 2008 37. Binet MH, Laporte JD, Lamy D (2008) Prevention of snowboarding wrist injuries for teenagers. Poster pra¨sentiert am: 2nd European conference on injury prevention and safety promotion. Making Europe a safer place, 9 Oct 2008 38. ISSS—International Society for Skiing Safety (2012) About the ISSS. Internet 2012. ISSS: International Society for Skiing Safety, 29 Jun 2012 39. Pirie T (2007) Snowboarders attending a ski field medical clinic with and without wrist guards: the rate and types of wrist injury seen in these groups. 17th International Symposium on Ski Trauma and Skiing Safety. Abstract Book, 13 May 2007 40. Schmitt KU, Wider D, Michel FI, Bruegger O, Gerber H, Denoth J (2012) Characterizing the mechanical parameters of forward and backward falls as experienced in snowboarding. Sports Biomechanics 11:57–72 41. International Organisation for Standardization (2006) Alpine ski-boots: requirements and test methods; ISO 5355: 2006. ISO ISO 5355: 2006. International Organisation for Standardization, Geneva 42. American Society for Testing and Materials (2002) Standard specification for helmets used for recreational snow sports; ASTM: F 2040-02. ASTM: F 2040-02. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken 43. American Society for Testing and Materials (2003) Standard test methods for equipment and procedures used in evaluating the performance characteristics of protective headgear; ASTM: F 1446-03. ASTM: F 1446-03. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken 44. Canadian Standards Association (CSA) (2008) Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmets: CAN/CSA-Z263.1-08. Canadian Standards Association (CSA), Mississauga, ON 45. European Committee for Standardization (2007) Helmets for alpine skiers and snowboarders; EN 1077: 2007. EN 1077: 2007. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels 46. Hayes JR, Groner JI (2008) The increasing incidence of snowboard- related trauma. J Pediatr Surg 43:928–930 47. Hagel BE (2005) Skiing and snowboarding injuries. Med Sport Sci 48:74–119 48. Bladin C, McCrory P, Pogorzelski A (2004) Snowboarding injuries: current trends and future directions. Sports Med 34:133–139 49. Dohjima T, Sumi Y, Ohno T, Sumi H, Shimizu K (2001) The danger of snowboarding: a 9-year prospective comparison of snowboarding and skiing injuries. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavia 44:436–439 50. Matsumoto K, Miyamoto K, Sumi H, Sumi Y, Shimizu K (2002) Upper Extremity Injuries in Snowboarding and Skiing: a Comparative Study. Clin J Sports Med 12:354–359 51. Matsumoto K, Sumi H, Sumi Y, Shimizu K (2004) Wrist fractures from snowboarding: a prospective study for 3 seasons from 1998 to 2001. Clin J Sport Med 14:64–71 52. Endres NK, Johnson RJ, Kim S, Ettlinger CF, Shealy JE (2007) Epidemiology of snowboarding and skiing injuries. In: Anonymous 17th international symposium on ski trauma and skiing safety, Abstract Book. Aviemore, Scotland 53. Kim S, Endres NK, Johnson RJ, Ettlinger CF, Shealy JE (2012) Snowboarding injuries: trends over time and comparisons with alpine skiing injuries. Am J Sports Med 40:770–776 54. Mu¨ller R, Bru¨gger O, Mathys R, Stuessi E (2000) Snowboarding accidents. Sportverletz Sportschaden 14:121–127 55. Torjussen J, Bahr R (2005) Injuries among competitive snowboarders at the national elite level. Am J Sports Med 33:370–377 56. Sasaki K, Takagi M, Kiyoshige Y, Ogino T (1999) Snowboarder’s wrist: Its severity compared with alpine skiing. J Trauma 46:1059–1061 57. Dickson TJ (2009) Risk factors in snowboarder’s wrist fractures. In: Senner V, Fastenbauer V, Bo¨hm H (eds) Proceedings of the 18th congress of the international society for skiing safety (ISSS). Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport Equipment and Materials, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, p 13 58. Dickson TJ, Trathen S (2011) Upper limb injuries in skiers and snowboarders. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety. Book of Abstracts. 1 May 2011 59. Ashby K, Cassell E (2007) Injury in snow and ice sports. Hazard 66:1–19 60. Stine HA (2012) Growth Plate Fractures, 7 Feb 2007 61. Brown JH, DeLuca SA (1992) Growth plate injuries: salter- Harris classification. Am Fam Physician 46:1180–1184 62. Caine D, DiFiori J, Maffulli N (2006) Physeal injuries in children’s and youth sports: reasons for concern? Br J Sports Med 40:749–760 63. Henrie M, Thiese M, Chen Q, Powell A, Gee C, Willick S (2011) Descriptive epidemiology of wrist and hand injuries among skiers and snowboarders. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts, 1 May 2011 64. Russell K, Meeuwisse W, Nettel-Aguirre A, et al (2013) Characteristics of injuries sustained by snowboarders in a terrain park. Clin J Sport Med [Epub ahead of print]

Lijst met onderzoeken en referenties

65. Brooks MA, Evans MD, Rivara FP (2010) Evaluation of skiing and snowboarding injuries sustained in terrain parks versus traditional slopes. Inj Prev 16:119–122 66. Goulet C, Hagel B, Hamel D, Legare G (2007) Risk factors associated with serious ski patrol-reported injuries sustained by skiers and snowboarders in snow-parks and on other slopes. Can J Public Health 98:402–406 67. Moffat C, McIntosh S, Bringhurst J, Danenhauer K, Gilmore N, Hopkins CL (2009) Terrain park injuries. West J Emerg Med 10:257–262 68. Henrie M, Petron D, Chen Q, Powell A, Shaskey D, Willick S (2011) Comparison of ski and snowboard injuries that occur inside versus outside terrain parks. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts, 1 May 2011 69. Machold W, Kwasny O, Ga¨ssler P et al (2000) Risk of injury through snowboarding. J Trauma 48:1109–1114 70. Mu¨ller R, Bru¨gger O, Mathys R, Stu¨ssi E (2000) Snowboardunfa ¨lle. Sportverletz Sportschaden 4:121–127 71. Drkulec JA, Letts M (2001) Snowboarding injuries in children. Can J Surg 44:435–439 72. Slaney GM, Finn JC, Cook A, Weinstein P (2008) Wrist guards and wrist and elbow injury in snowboarders. Med J Aust 189:412 73. Made C, Elmquist L-G (1996) Downhill Skiing Injuries in Lapland, Schweden: a survey including alcohol monitoring and one year fellow-up. In: Mote CD, Johnson RJ, Hauser W, Schaff PS (eds) Sking trauma and safety: tenth volume, ASTM STP 1289. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, pp 98–103 74. Binet MH, Wadsworth P, Rowlands A (2011) Prospective study to compare efficacy of different designs of wrist protection for snowboarders. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts, 1 May 2011 75. Kroncke EL, Niedfeldt MW, Young CC (2008) Use of protective equipment by adolescents in inline skating, skateboarding, and snowboarding. Clin J Sport Med 18:38–43 76. Dickson TJ, Terwiel FA (2011) Snowboarding injuries in Australia: investigating risk factors in wrist fractures to enhance injury prevention strategies. Wilderness Environ Med 22:228– 235 77. Fuchs B, Gmu¨nder C, Bru¨gger O, Cavegn M, Walter M (2011) Personal protective gear in snow sport. Wearer behaviour and reasons for wearing. 16th International Symposium on Ski Trauma and Skiing Safety: abstract book, 26, 2005 78. Dickson TJ, Waddington G, Trathen S (2010) Upper limb injuries and protective equipment usage: a snapshot from australia. In: Mu¨ller E, Lindinger S, Sto¨ggl T, Pfusterschmied J (eds) Science and skiing V: book of abstracts. Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, p 13 79. Langran M, Selvaraj S (2002) Snow sports injuries in Scotland: a case-control study. Br J Sports Med 36:135–140 80. Made C, Elmqvist LG (2004) A 10-year study of snowboard injuries in Lapland Sweden. Scand J Med Sci Sports 14:128–133 81. Engel N, Langran M (2011) Implications of wrist guard use on wrist injuries in paediatric snowboarders: a retrospective cohort study. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts, 1 May 201 82. Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (bfu) (2010) bfu-survey: use of protective equipment in skiing and snowboarding. bfu - Swiss Council for Accident Prevention, Berne, 10 April 2012 83. Swiss Council for Accident Prevention (bfu) (2012) STATUS 2012: statistics on non-occupational accidents and the level of safety in Switzerland, Road traffic, sports, home and leisure. Berne, bfu 84. Chow TK, Corbett SW, Farstad DJ (1996) Spectrum of injuries from snowboarding. J Trauma 41:321–325 85. Fischler L, Ro¨thlisberger M (1996) Ski- und Snowboardunfa¨lle im Vergleich: ein aktueller U¨ berblick aus dem Skigebiet von Arosa (1988/89 bis 1994/95). Schweizerische Rundschau fu¨r Medizin 85:777–782 86. European Committee for Standardization (2003) Protective clothing - Wrist, palm, knee and elbow protectors for users of roller sports equipment, Requirements and test methods; EN 14120:2003 ? A1. EN 14120:2003 ? A1. 2007. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels 87. Greenwald R, Calabro S, Thomas N, Michel FI (2011) An instrumented glove to measure wrist biomechanics during snowboard falls. In: Scher I, Greenwald R (eds) 19th International congress on ski trauma and skiing safety, book of abstracts, 1 May 2011 88. Greenwald RM, Simpson FH, Michel FI (2013) Wrist biomechanics during snowboard falls. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology (accepted) 89. Greenwald RM, Janes PC, Swanson SC, McDonald TR (1998) Dynamic impact response of human cadaveric forearms using a wrist brace. Am J Sports Med 26:825–830 90. 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Recent studie white paper (2013) snowboard polsbeschermers

Een whitepaper gepubliceerd in 2013 heeft diverse onderzoeken van de laatste decenia nog eens op een rijtje gezet, zie daarvoor ook hier al hun bronnen